EFFECT OF MALNUTRITION IN CANCER
PATIENTS
Malnutrition and of cachexia can
give a bad impact on the structure and function of almost all organs and body
systems. On the cardiovascular system : weight loss of 24% associated with
decreased heart content by 17%, can occur arterial hypotension, bradycardia,
decreased venous pressure, decreased oxygen consumption, stroke volume and
cardiac output decreased; the lung: changes in anatomy due to atrophy and
weakening respiratory muscles, impaired ability to clear secretions, decreased
elasticity of lung tissue and lead to enlargement of the air cavity; in the
gastrointestinal tract: gastrointestinal and pancreatic atrophy so that the
enzyme digestion decreased, motility and decreased gastric acid secretion,
growth occurs Excessive bacteria in the small intestine, malabsorption and
lactose intolerance due to edema of small intestine in hipoalbunemia; on
increase in liver glycogen, fatty infiltration; the kidney: glumerular
filtration rate and decreased blood flow; on hematological system: namely
pancytopenia anemia can occur normochrom normositer, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, hypoplasia of bone marrow cellular elements; in the immune
system causes a decrease in cellular immunity while humoral immunity is not
clear effects; hampered due to inhibition of wound healing nervaskularisasi,
fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, wound remodeling and the presence
of edema in patients with hypoalbuminemia; on muskoloskeletal system in the
form of reduced muscle mass skeletal, increased fatigue, the changing pattern
of contraction and relaxation of muscles, reduced bone mass and osteoporotic.
This situation will cause increase in susceptibility to infections, impaired
wound healing, tolerance bored to therapy, lower quality of life and increased
mortality and morbidity of cancer patients.
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