DEFINITION OF MICRONUTRIENT
Micronutrient deficiencies are
various Components / substances in food can effect in development of cancer
through several mechanisms including carcinogen metabolism disorders,
antioxidants, increased differentiation, barriers growth and immunologic
settings. Vitamin C and E function as antioxidants, stimulate the immune
system, which prevents the formation of nitrite reduced nitrosamines that play
a role in tumor cell formation. Vitamin A serves to control the cell
differentiation and plays a role in immunological host defense. Decreased
levels of certain vitamins may be associated with certain malignancies (vitamin
A on cancer colorectal, esophageal, leukemia, lymphoma; beta carotene on
gastric cancer, pancreatic, oral and thyroid; Vit.E on lung cancer, gastric,
prostate, gall bladder, leukemia, lymphoma, malignant bone tumors, tumors of
the central nervous system; Vit. C in lung cancer, gastric, pancreas,
esophagus, colon, prostate; Vit.D (and Calcium) in colon cancer. Trace elements
such as selenium, zinc, and manganase - Copper is a cofactor for several
antioxidant enzymes such as glutahione peroxidase, RNA polymerase, superoxide
dismutase, and diamine oxidase. Metabolism is affected in patients with cancer,
for example there is an increasing zinc levels in urine melanoma patients,
gynecological malignancies, and lung, as well as levels of in patients with low
plasma Ca prostate. Deficiency of selenium found in Ca cervix, lung
and gall bladder
Electrolyte disturbances
Hipercalcemia,
hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia associated hipocalcemia with tumor lysis
syndrome (TLS), which often occurs in lymphoma as a result rapid tumor
breakdown, either directly as a result of rapid tumor growth followed by the
death of tumor cells directly or as a result of therapy is characterized by
hiperurusemia due to DNA breakdown, hyperkalemia due to solving the cytosol,
hyperphosphatemia due to protein breakdown and hipercalcemia due to
hyperphosphatemia. Hipocalcemia, hipomagnesemia and hipofosfatemia often occurs
in the use of platinum preparations, preparations cyclophosphamid hyponatremia
on the use and vincristine
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