Hypertension

Blood pressure shows a state where the pressure imposed by blood in the arteries when the heart pumps blood throughout the body. Blood pressure can be seen by taking two sizes and are usually indicated by numbers as follows - 120/80 mmHg. Number 120 shows the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. Called systolic pressure. The figure 80 shows the pressure when the heart is relaxing, called the diastolic pressure. The best attitude to measure blood pressure is in a state of sitting or lying down.

Hypertension is a disease that occurs due to an increase in blood pressure. Which can be classified into two general categories: 

• primary or essential hypertension of unknown cause.

• secondary hypertension can be caused by kidney disease, endocrine disease, heart disease, kidney disorders and the other children.

Hypertension often does not cause symptoms, while blood pressure is continuously high in the long term can cause complications. Therefore, the hypertension should be detected early with regular blood pressure checks, which can be done at the time of health check-ups or when the health check to the doctor. Usually the doctor will check twice or more before you decide getting high blood pressure or not. If on occasion you are on blood pressure 140/90 mmHg or more then you are diagnosed as hypertension (high blood pressure). High blood pressure (hypertension) increases the risk of stroke, aneurysm, heart failure, heart attack and kidney damage. Regardless of age or gender, everyone can be affected by heart disease and usually without any previous symptoms.

Babies and children children normally have lower blood pressure than adults. Blood pressure is also influenced by physical activity, which will be higher at the time of activity and lower when resting. Blood pressure in a single day is different, the highest at a time when early morning and lowest during nighttime sleep.

If not treated, high blood pressure will cause the heart to work harder to be serious damage. At heart, the heart muscle may thicken (hypertrophy) and the resulting function as a pump to be interrupted, then the heart will be dilated and reduced the ability of the contractions.

Damage due to hypertension include: 

• Brain: Causes of stroke

• Eyes: Causes severe hypertension and retinopathy can cause blindness

• Heart: Causes of coronary heart disease (including cardiac infarction), congestive heart

• Kidney: Causes of chronic kidney disease, kidney failure

Hypertension can be controlled with a healthy lifestyle and medication. High blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack (acute myocardial infarction), heart failure and stroke. In western countries, patients who had a heart attack by half had hypertension and two-thirds of patients with stroke also had hypertension.

In the general population the incidence of high blood pressure is not evenly distributed. Until the age of 55 years were more common in men. But after menopause (usually after age 50 years) blood pressure in women increased steadily, until the age of 75 years of high blood pressure is more common in women than men.

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