Wednesday, November 2, 2011

The Definition of Micronutrient and Electrolyte Disturbances


DEFINITION OF MICRONUTRIENT

Micronutrient deficiencies are various Components / substances in food can effect in development of cancer through several mechanisms including carcinogen metabolism disorders, antioxidants, increased differentiation, barriers growth and immunologic settings. Vitamin C and E function as antioxidants, stimulate the immune system, which prevents the formation of nitrite reduced nitrosamines that play a role in tumor cell formation. Vitamin A serves to control the cell differentiation and plays a role in immunological host defense. Decreased levels of certain vitamins may be associated with certain malignancies (vitamin A on cancer colorectal, esophageal, leukemia, lymphoma; beta carotene on gastric cancer, pancreatic, oral and thyroid; Vit.E on lung cancer, gastric, prostate, gall bladder, leukemia, lymphoma, malignant bone tumors, tumors of the central nervous system; Vit. C in lung cancer, gastric, pancreas, esophagus, colon, prostate; Vit.D (and Calcium) in colon cancer. Trace elements such as selenium, zinc, and manganase - Copper is a cofactor for several antioxidant enzymes such as glutahione peroxidase, RNA polymerase, superoxide dismutase, and diamine oxidase. Metabolism is affected in patients with cancer, for example there is an increasing zinc levels in urine melanoma patients, gynecological malignancies, and lung, as well as levels of in patients with low plasma Ca prostate. Deficiency of selenium found in Ca cervix, lung and gall bladder

Electrolyte disturbances

Hipercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia associated hipocalcemia with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), which often occurs in lymphoma as a result rapid tumor breakdown, either directly as a result of rapid tumor growth followed by the death of tumor cells directly or as a result of therapy is characterized by hiperurusemia due to DNA breakdown, hyperkalemia due to solving the cytosol, hyperphosphatemia due to protein breakdown and hipercalcemia due to hyperphosphatemia. Hipocalcemia, hipomagnesemia and hipofosfatemia often occurs in the use of platinum preparations, preparations cyclophosphamid hyponatremia on the use and vincristine

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