Pleural cavity in healthy individuals contains about 20 ml of fluid. Pleural effusion (pleural fluid) is normal net usually colorless, containing <1.5 g protein / 100 ml and 1,500 cells / microliter. This fluid is composed of mesothelial cells, monocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes. Pleural effusion can be detected on chest X-ray if> 50 ml. Pleural effusion can occur in intrathoracic malignant tumor disease, organ ekstratoraks or systemic malignancy. Malignant pleural effusion often cause problems in the field of diagnostics and treatment. Problems that need to be tackled is to find and treat the primary tumor, as well as cope with respiratory distress due to pleural fluid accumulation, which may threaten survival.
Clinical symptoms
As in other patients with pleural effusion, EPG gives symptoms of shortness of breath, shortness of breath, coughing, chest pain and chest full of content. This phenomenon is highly dependent on the amount of fluid in the cavity pleura. On physical examination found the movement of the diaphragm is reduced and the deviation of the trachea and / or heart towards the contralateral, fremitus weakening, faint percussion and decreased breath sounds on the side thoracic pain.
In lung cancer, pleural infiltration by tumor cells may occur secondary to direct extension
(inviltration), especially tumors located peripheral type adenocarcinoma. May also occur due to metastasis to lymph nodes and blood vessels. When efuasition pleural metastasis occurs as a result, fluid pleura many malignant tumors contain cells that cytologic examination of pleural fluid can expected to give positive results.
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